ISSN 2196-5625 CN 32-1884/TK
2017, 5(1):142-149.DOI: 10.1007/s40565-016-0198-3
Abstract:We present a directed graph-based method fordistribution network reconfiguration considering distributedgeneration. Two reconfiguration situations areconsidered: operation mode adjustment with the objectiveof minimizing active power loss (situation I) and servicerestoration with the objective of maximizing loads restored(situation II). These two situations are modeled as a mixedinteger quadratic programming problem and a mixedinteger linear programming problem, respectively. Theproperties of the distribution network with distributedgeneration considered are reflected as the structure modeland the constraints described by directed graph. Morespecifically, the concepts of ‘‘in-degree’’ and ‘‘out-degree’’are presented to ensure the radial structure of the distributionnetwork, and the concepts of ‘‘virtual node’’ and‘‘virtual demand’’ are developed to ensure the connectivityof charged nodes in every independent power supply area.The validity and effectiveness of the proposed method areverified by test results of an IEEE 33-bus system and a5-feeder system.
2020, 8(1):1-14.DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2018.000782
Abstract:With the rapid deployment of the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) and distribution automation (DA), self-healing has become a key factor to enhance the resilience of distribution networks. Following a permanent fault occurrence, the distribution network operator (DNO) implements the self-healing scheme to locate and isolate the fault and to restore power supply to out-of-service portions. As an essential component of self-healing, service restoration has attracted considerable attention. This paper mainly reviews the service restoration approaches of distribution networks, which requires communication systems. The service restoration approaches can be classified as centralized, distributed, and hierarchical approaches according to the communication architecture. In these approaches, different techniques are used to obtain service restoration solutions, including heuristic rules, expert systems, meta-heuristic algorithms, graph theory, mathematical programming, and multi-agent systems. Moreover, future research areas of service restoration for distribution networks are discussed.
2015, 3(4):494-503.DOI: 10.1007/s40565-015-0166-3
Abstract:Active distribution network (ADN) is a solution for power system with interconnection of distributed energy resources (DER), which may change the network operation and power flow of traditional power distribution network. However, in some circumstances the malfunction of protection and feeder automation in distribution network occurs due to the uncertain bidirectional power flow. Therefore, a novel method of fault location, isolation, and service restoration (FLISR) for ADN based on distributed processing is proposed in this paper. The differential-activated algorithm based on synchronous sampling for feeder fault location and isolation is studied, and a framework of fault restoration is established for ADN. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified via computer simulation of a case study for active distributed power system.
2023, 11(6):1719-1733.DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2022.000032
Abstract:The ever-increasing dependence on electrical power has posed more challenges to power system engineers to deliver secure, stable, and sustained energy to electricity consumers. Due to the increasing occurrence of short- and long-term power interruptions in the power system, the need for a systematic approach to mitigate the negative impacts of such events is further manifested. Self-healing and its control strategies are generally accepted as a solution for this concern. Due to the importance of self-healing subject in power distribution systems, this paper conducts a comprehensive literature review on self-healing from existing published papers. The concept of self-healing is briefly described, and the published papers in this area are categorized based on key factors such as self-healing optimization goals, available control actions, and solution methods. Some proficient techniques adopted for self-healing improvements are also classified to have a better comparison and selection of methods for new investigators. Moreover, future research directions that need to be explored to improve self-healing operations in modern power distribution systems are investigated and described at the end of this paper.
2024, 12(1):189-201.DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2023.000012
Abstract:This paper proposes a new method for service restoration of distribution network with the support of transportable power sources (TPSs) and repair crews (RCs). Firstly, a coupling model of distribution networks and vehicle routing of TPSs and RCs is proposed, where the TPSs serve as emergency power supply sources, and the RCs are used to repair the faulted lines. Considering the uncertainty of traffic congestion, the probability distribution of the travel time spent on each road is derived based on the Nesterov user equilibrium model, and a two-stage stochastic program is formulated to determine the optimal routings of TPSs and RCs. To efficiently solve the proposed stochastic mixed-integer linear program (MILP), a two-phase scenario reduction method is then developed to scale down the problem size, and an adaptive progressive hedging algorithm is used for an efficient solution. The effectiveness of the proposed methods and algorithms has been illustrated in a modified IEEE 33-bus system.
2022, 10(4):1000-1008.DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2021.000565
Abstract:Soft open points (SOPs) are power electronic devices that may replace conventional normally-open points in distribution networks. They can be used for active power flow control, reactive power compensation, fault isolation, and service restoration through network reconfiguration with enhanced operation flexibility and grid resiliency. Due to unbalanced loading conditions, the voltage unbalance issue, as a common problem in distribution networks, has negative impacts on distribution network operation. In this paper, a control strategy of voltage unbalance compensation for feeders using SOPs is proposed. With the power flow control, three-phase current is regulated simultaneously to mitigate the unbalanced voltage between neighboring feeders where SOPs are installed. Feeder voltage unbalance and current unbalance among three phases are compensated with the injection of negative-sequence and zero-sequence current from SOPs. Especially in response to power outages, three-phase voltage of isolated loads is regulated to be balanced by the control of SOPs connected to the feeders under faults, even if the loads are unbalanced. A MATLAB/Simulink model of the IEEE 13-bus test feeder with an SOP across feeder ends is implemented, and experimental tests on a hardware-in-the-loop platform are implemented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy.
2024, 12(6):1905-1917.DOI: 10.35833/MPCE.2024.000010
Abstract:With the integration of wind power, photovoltaic power, gas turbine, and energy storage, the novel battery charging and swapping station (NBCSS) possesses significant operational flexibility, which can aid in the service restoration of distribution system (DS) during power outages caused by extreme events. This paper presents an integrated optimization model for DS restoration that considers NBCSS, repair crews, and network reconfigurations simultaneously. The objective of this model is to maximize the restored load while minimizing generation costs. To address the uncertainties associated with renewable energies, a two-stage stochastic optimization framework is employed. Additionally, copula theory is also applied to capture the correlation between the output of adjacent renewable energies. The conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) measure is further incorporated into the objective function to account for risk aversion. Subsequently, the proposed optimization model is transformed into a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) problem. This transformation allows for tractable solutions using commercial solvers such as Gurobi. Finally, case studies are conducted on the modified IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus DSs. The results illustrate that the proposed method not only restores a greater load but also effectively mitigates uncertainty risks.