Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

ISSN 2196-5625 CN 32-1884/TK

Tractable Modeling of Decision-dependent Customer Interruption Cost and Cold Load Pickup for Optimizing Power Distribution System Restoration
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1School of Electrical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China;2Electric Power Research Institute, State Grid Chongqing Electric Power Company, Chongqing 401123, China

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This work was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, China (No. 2682025CX037).

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    Abstract:

    Developing optimized restoration strategies for power distribution systems (PDSs) is critical to enhancing resilience. Prior knowledge of customer interruption cost (CIC) and load restoration behaviors, particularly cold load pickup (CLPU), is essential for effective decision-making. However, both CIC and CLPU are reciprocally influenced by the realized customer interruption duration (CID), making them decision-dependent and challenging to model, especially with limited understanding of underlying physical mechanisms. This study proposes a tractable modeling approach of decision-dependent CIC and CLPU for optimizing power distribution system restoration to capture the varying patterns of both CIC and CLPU with CID, i.e., patterns derived from data that reflect observable surface-level correlations rather than underlying mechanisms, thereby enabling practical surrogate modeling of decision-dependent factors. Specifically, quadratic functions are employed to model the increasing rate of CIC with respect to CID according to data fitting results. For CLPU, several defining characteristics are extracted and modeled in a piecewise linear form relative to CID, from which the actual restored load accounting for CLPU is subsequently reconstructed. Building on these models, a PDS restoration framework is developed, incorporating mobile energy storage systems (MESSs) and network reconfiguration strategies. Case studies validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and highlight the unique potential of MESS in accelerating CLPU-related restoration.

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History
  • Received:March 13,2025
  • Revised:August 05,2025
  • Adopted:
  • Online: July 24,2026
  • Published:
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