Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

ISSN 2196-5625 CN 32-1884/TK

Corrective N-k Security-constrained Unit Commitment Using Lossy Shift Factors and Fictitious Injections
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Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia (ITM), Morelia 58120, Mexico;Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Industrial, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real 13071, Spain;Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 23901223, Chile

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The work of S. Ramírez-López was supported by the SECIHTI (No. 1142853) under the Programa de Graduados e Investigación en Ingeniería Eléctrica (PGIIE), Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia (ITM). The work of G. Gutiérrez-Alcaraz was supported by the PRODEP (No. 8127/ITMOR-CA-6). The work of J. M. Arroyo was supported by the EU Horizon Europe Programme (No. 101160614), the MSCA Doctoral Network (No. 101168796), MICIN/MICIU/AEI and ERDF (No. PID2021-122579OB-I00, PID2021-126566OB-I00, PID2024-159031OB-I00), Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha and ERDF (No. SBPLY/21/180501/000154), and the Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (No. 2025-GRIN-38264).

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    Abstract:

    Power systems worldwide are increasingly experiencing the simultaneous failure of multiple components due to severe weather conditions, which are becoming more frequent and intense. This consequently triggers growing interest in more stringent security standards. Indeed, electricity markets are moving toward explicitly including generator outages within auction models seeking the most economical and reliable generation scheduling and dispatch. Within this context, a corrective N-k security-constrained unit commitment model is proposed to address the need for tighter security standards. As a major distinctive feature, the proposed model jointly considers multiple out-of-service generators and lines, corrective actions, and transmission line losses. Moreover, unlike previous studies, lossy shift factors are used to represent the effect of the lossy transmission network while accurately characterizing transmission line losses by a binary-variable-based piecewise linear approximation. Additionally, line outages are incorporated by modeling fictitious injections of active power. The proposed model using lossy shift factors and fictitious injections is cast as an instance of mixed-integer linear programming. The solution of the resulting mathematical problem allows co-optimizing energy and reserves to accommodate the power fluctuations due to the component outages under consideration. Numerical experience is reported using three standard benchmarks comprising 14, 118, and 500 buses.

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History
  • Received:May 15,2025
  • Revised:August 05,2025
  • Adopted:
  • Online: July 18,2026
  • Published:
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