Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

ISSN 2196-5625 CN 32-1884/TK

Coordinating Transactive Demand Response and Rolling Outage Management of Diverse Loads to Enhance Resilience of Distribution Systems
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1Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin 132012, China;2State Key Laboratory of Smart Power Distribution Equipment and System, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

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This work was supported in part by the Joint Fund for Enterprise Innovation and Development (No. U24B2078), the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. U23B6006), and the National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2024ZD0800700).

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    Abstract:

    The dispatch of demand-side resources is becoming increasingly essential for enhancing the resilience of distribution systems against extreme weather events. Traditional studies rely primarily on direct load curtailment to mitigate power shortages, thereby neglecting the power demand of different customers. To bridge this gap, a novel coordination method of transactive demand response (DR) and rolling outage management of diverse loads is proposed. First, the DR program is designed to incentivize voluntary load adjustments by coordinating participation of private consumers. Considering the diversity and characteristics of customers during DR, detailed models of diverse loads are established, including an energy-material flow model of industrial loads (ILs), an adjustable load model of commercial loads (CLs), and an outage-sensitive model of residential loads (RLs). When the supply-demand imbalance exceeds the adjustment capacity of DR, rolling outage measures are integrated into the proposed method to reduce losses incurred by load shedding. The coordination of transactive DR and rolling outage management is formulated as a bilevel optimization problem from system operators and responsive load, which is solved by the Stackelberg game-theoretic approach. Finally, the proposed method is tested on the modified IEEE 33-node distribution system. The results show that the proposed method can effectively ensure customer profit and reduce load interruption loss by dispatching demand-side resources during restoration.

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History
  • Received:July 10,2025
  • Revised:August 29,2025
  • Adopted:
  • Online: May 27,2026
  • Published:
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