Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

ISSN 2196-5625 CN 32-1884/TK

Applying Synchronous Condenser for Damping Provision in Converter-dominated Power System
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Department of Electrical Engineering, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Roskilde, Denmark;2.Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark;3.Siemens AG Sektor Energie, Ballerup, Denmark;4.Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

Fund Project:

This work was supported by Synchronous Condenser Application (SCAPP) project funded by ForskEL program (No. 12196) administrated by Energinet.dk.

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    Abstract:

    The dynamic characteristics of converter-dominated systems are governed by controlling power converters and the interactions between converter systems and conventional alternators. Frequency oscillations can appear under dynamic operation conditions caused by the phase-locked loop dynamics and interactions among the converter control systems. The oscillations may be poorly damped, which can result in reduced power generation, longer settling time, or disconnections of sensitive components. It is foreseeable that damping services will be critical for power grid stabilization in the future with high penetration of renewable generation. In this work, synchronous condensers (SCs) are evaluated and applied to provide damping services to the power grid under post-event conditions. An innovative supplementary controller for the automatic voltage regulator of SCs is proposed to improve the frequency stabilization in a converter-dominated system after disturbances. Using local and remote measurements, SCs are able to modulate the reactive power output and hence, the terminal bus voltage, which further impacts the power flow in the system; therefore, damping can be provided to the frequency oscillations. The control is implemented on an industrial-level hardware platform, and the performance is verified by the hardware-in-the-loop simulation.

    Fig.
    图1 Structure of proposed POD controller.Fig.1
    图2 System arrangement of hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) and SiL simulations.Fig.2
    图3 Single-line diagram of a 400 kV renewable-based DK1 in 2020.Fig.3
    图4 Power oscillation in prospective future DK1.Fig.4
    图5 Sensitivities of different components of oscillation in whole DK1. (a) Frequency response of whole DK1 with and without a major wind power plant. (b) Frequency response of whole DK1 with and without an SC.Fig.5
    图6 Comparative results in load increasing scenario. (a) Frequency. (b) ROCOF. (c) Active power from bus KAS to bus LAG. (d) Active power of LCC-HVDC link from DK1 to DK2. (e) Active power of a load. (f) Active power of VSC-HVDC link from DK1 to Holland. (g) Active power of SC. (h) Reactive power of SC. (i) Terminal voltage of SC.Fig.6
    图7 Comparative results in three-phase short-circuit fault scenario with and without proposed POD controller. (a) System frequency. (b) ROCOF. (c) Active power of load at bus FER. (d) Active power from bus KAS to bus LAG. (e) Active power from DK1 to DK2 through HVDC connection. (f) Reactive power of SC. (g) Terminal voltage of SC. (h) Active power of SC. (i) Rotor speed of SC.Fig.7
    图8 Frequency responses at different substations during a three-phase short-circuit fault. (a) Without proposed POD controller. (b) With proposed POD controller.Fig.8
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History
  • Received:April 02,2020
  • Online: May 19,2021