Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy

ISSN 2196-5625 CN 32-1884/TK

Minimizing Energy Cost for Green Data Center by Exploring Heterogeneous Energy Resource
Author:
Affiliation:

1.School of Automation, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China;2.School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu, Aizuwakamatsu 965-8580, Japan;3.School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China

Fund Project:

This work was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61772286, No. 61802208), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2019M651923), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China (No. BK20191381), Primary Research & Development Plan of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2019742), and Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (No. 18KJB520036).

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    Abstract:

    With the deteriorating effects resulting from global warming in many areas, geographically distributed data centers contribute greatly to carbon emissions, because the major energy supply is fossil fuels. Considering this issue, many geographically distributed data centers are attempting to use clean energy as their energy supply, such as fuel cells and renewable energy sources. However, not all workloads can be powered by a single power sources, since different workloads exhibit different characteristics. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained heterogeneous power distribution model with an objective of minimizing the total energy costs and the sum of the energy gap generated by the geographically distributed data centers powered by multiple types of energy resources. In order to achieve these two goals, we design a two-stage online algorithm to leverage the power supply of each energy source. In each time slot, we also consider a chance-constraint problem and use the Bernstein approximation to solve the problem. Finally, simulation results based on real-world traces illustrate that the proposed algorithm can achieve satisfactory performance.

    表 2 Table 2
    表 1 Table 1
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    图1 Characteristics of different energy resources. (a) Power grid. (b) Renewable energies. (c) Storage. (d) Fuel cells.Fig.1
    图2 Energy management model of multi-energy-source data center.Fig.2
    图3 Relationship between two algorithms.Fig.3
    图4 Simulation dataset of workload. (a) Workload A. (b) Workload B. (c) Workload C. (d) Workload D. (e) Workload E.Fig.4
    图5 Simulation dataset of renewable sources. (a) Electricity price of renewable energy for a month. (b) Solar energy production for a month. (c) Wind energy production for a month. (d) Electricity price for a day.Fig.5
    图6 Experimental results of three performance metrics. (a) Comparison of energy cost. (b) Comparison of Tcost. (c) Comparison of carbon emission rate.Fig.6
    图7 Energy proportions. (a) Solar-GSEr. (b) Solar-GSE. (c) Solar-GSr. (d) Solar-GEr. (e) Solar-GS. (f)Wind-GSEr. (g) Wind-GSE. (h) Wind-GSr. (i) Wind-GEr. (j) Wind-GS.Fig.7
    表 5 Table 5
    表 4 Table 4
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History
  • Received:September 26,2019
  • Online: January 22,2021